As India reported 28 cases of Coronavirus on Wednesday, the trade impact of the coronavirus epidemic for the country is estimated to be about $348 million. India figures among the top 15 economies most affected as the slowdown of manufacturing in China disrupts world trade, according to a United Nations report. Estimates published by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) on Wednesday said that the slowdown of manufacturing in China due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is disrupting world trade and could result in a $50 billion decrease in exports across global value chains.

The most affected sectors include precision instruments, machinery, automotive and communication equipment.

Among the most affected economies are the European Union ($15.6 billion), the United States ($5.8 billion), Japan ($5.2 billion), South Korea ($3.8 billion), Taiwan Province of China ($2.6 billion) and Vietnam ($2.3 billion). The trade impact for Indonesia is $312 million.

For India, the trade impact is estimated to be the most for the chemicals sector at $129 million, textiles and apparel at $64 million, automotive sector at $34 million, electrical machinery at $12 million, leather products at $13 million, metals and metal products at $27 million and wood products and furniture at $15 million.

“Besides its worrying effects on human life, the novel strain of coronavirus has the potential to significantly slow down not only the Chinese economy but also the global economy. China has become the central manufacturing hub of many global business operations. Any disruption of China’s output is expected to have repercussions elsewhere through regional and global value chains,” UNCTAD said.

Over the last month, China has seen a dramatic reduction in its manufacturing Purchasing Manager’s Index (PMI) to 37.5, it’s the lowest reading since 2004. This drop implies a 2 percent reduction in output on an annual basis. This has come as a direct consequence of the spread of coronavirus.

“The 2 percent contraction in China’s output has ripple effects through the global economy and thus far has caused an estimated drop of about $50 billion across countries,” UNCTAD said.

The slowdown of manufacturing in China due to the #COVID19 outbreak is disrupting world trade and could result in a $50 billion decrease in exports across global value chains, according to new UNCTAD estimates. ➡ https://t.co/GsRbia9VRS pic.twitter.com/BVWxuirLOF

— UNCTAD (@UNCTAD) March 4, 2020

“The most affected sectors include precision instruments, machinery, automotive and communication equipment,” it added. UNCTAD said because China has become the central manufacturing hub of many global business operations, a slowdown in Chinese production has repercussions for any given country depending on how reliant its industries are on Chinese suppliers.

“In addition to grave threats to human life, the coronavirus outbreak carries serious risks for the global economy,” UNCTAD Secretary-General Mukhisa Kituyi said.

“Any slowdown in manufacturing in one part of the world will have a ripple effect in economic activity across the globe because of regional and global value chains,” he said.

Pamela Coke-Hamilton, who heads UNCTAD Division on International Trade and Commodities, said for developing economies that are reliant on selling raw materials, the effects could be felt “very, very intensely.”

“Assuming that it is not mitigated in the short-term, it’s likely that the overall impact on the global economy is going to be significant in terms of a negative downturn,” she said. The estimated global effects of COVID-19 are subject to change depending on the containment of the virus and, or, changes in the sources of supply.

Meanwhile, the extent of the damage to the global economy caused by coronavirus moved further into focus as UN economists announced a likely $50 billion drop in worldwide manufacturing exports in February alone.

Highlighting the ongoing uncertainty surrounding the economic impact of the epidemic, in which there have been more than 90,000 confirmed cases in more than 70 countries (the majority in China) and over 3,000 deaths, Coke-Hamilton said that US measures “in terms of visitor arrivals, cancelling various meetings” were having a “knock-on effect” in terms of demand.

“So right now, we’re not clear on where it will go – a lot will depend on what happens with COVID-19; if they are able to come up with a vaccine then hallelujah, hopefully it will end very quickly, but if not, the impact can be severe,” she said.