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Soviet Union

Cuban reckoning

For decades, Cuba survived not because its economic model succeeded, but because its political system proved unusually durable under pressure.

A hope that we must keep alive

Eighty years ago, on 8 May 1945, the guns finally fell silent across Europe. Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender to the Allied powers marked the end of the bloodiest conflict the continent had ever known.

Rethinking Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known as Vladimir Lenin, the architect of Russia’s 1917 Bolshevik revolution, politician and political theorist was considered as one of the most significant and influential figures of 20th century world history.

World Community

On 10 June 1963, when President Dr S Radhakrishnan delivered his speech at the United Nations General Assembly, the world…

Nations must shun urge to dominate

While exceptionally favourable conditions led to the emergence of the USA as the dominant world power in the post-1945 days, this dominance was never total during the cold war years and was constrained by the presence of the Soviet Union as an alternative centre of considerable power.

Middle East Equations

Situated at the confluence of three continents, the Middle East is important to the future of the BRI which is designed to place China at the centre of global trade and networks. For China, both Saudi Arabia and Iran are equally important. China has a vision of a multi-polar order in the Middle East based on non-interference in and partnerships with other states, one in which the country will promote stability through developmental peace rather than the Western notion of democratic peace

A Changing World~II

Russia will not win, and Ukraine cannot lose. Germany, caught in a crisis not of its own making, has to find a way to regain stability and order and of course economic growth

One hundred seconds to midnight

Once US spy planes brought back evidence of Soviet missiles on Cuban soil, it was inevitable that the Kennedy White House would issue an ultimatum to the Kremlin: ship out of Cuba or face an attack.