In a symbolic nod to the robust Indo-French relationship, French President Emmanuel Macron graces India’s Republic Day celebrations as the chief guest. The significance of this visit lies not merely in the ceremonial pageantry but in the backdrop of ongoing negotiations for multi-billion-dollar defence deals, marking a crucial chapter in the strategic partnership between the two nations. India’s reliance on French arms traces back four decades, a testament to the enduring trust in French military technology. The Mirage jets from the 1980s, still comprising two squadrons of the Indian Air Force, predate the more recent discussions surrounding the purchase of 26 Rafale jets and the joint production of three Scorpene class submarines. While initial approval was granted, the finalisation of these deals remains pending, underscoring the complexities inherent in such agreements.

France, historically India’s second-largest arms supplier, has been a steadfast ally in Europe, notably refraining from imposing sanctions in the aftermath of India’s nuclear tests in 1998. The visit by Mr Macron serves to further solidify this long standing alliance. However, despite the anticipation surrounding the visit, both Indian and French officials downplay expectations of any major outcomes, categorising it as more ceremonial than substantive. The strategic dimension of Indo-French ties extends beyond defence, with France keen on expanding cooperation in space and nuclear sectors. Mr Macron’s itinerary during the 40-hour state visit reflects this broader scope, including engagements with business leaders from pharmaceutical, auto, space, energy, and hydrogen industries. This multifaceted approach signifies an attempt to diversify the partnership beyond the realm of defence, positioning it as a comprehensive collaboration across various sectors. But we cannot ignore the geopolitical context surrounding Mr Macron’s visit. India had initially hoped for a Quad summit this week, The Quad, comprising the United States, India, Australia and Japan, forms a strategic alliance, and such a summit would have underscored the collective strength of these nations. However, the plan fell through due to US President Joe Biden’s unavailability, shifting the spotlight squarely on to Mr Macron. This visit offers an opportunity for France to affirm its commitment to the Indo-Pacific region and strengthen ties with India in a larger geopolitical context. Mr Macron’s interactions with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, spanning five meetings since May, emphasise the ongoing dialogue between the two leaders.

The depth of these engagements suggests a concerted effort to foster a relationship that goes beyond occasional ceremonial gestures. While defence deals are a cornerstone of the alliance, the diversification of collaboration into economic sectors is a strategic move that aligns with both nations’ interests. Mr Macron’s meetings with business leaders underscore a shared commitment to exploring opportunities beyond traditional defence partnerships, reflecting a modern approach to diplomatic ties. As the ceremonial pageantry unfolds, the world watches to discern the subtle nuances of this Indo-French entente and its implications for the evolving geopolitical landscape.