The scenic wetlands sites of Chilika, spread across a 1165 square kilometre area, the largest saltwater lake in Asia, have reemerged as congenial temporary abodes of winter migrant birds with a marginal increase in the footfall of feathered guests this winter.
The annual mid-winter census of these winged visitors conducted by the Forest Department on 18 January recorded a total of 11,32,200 birds of 196 species across the Chilika lagoon, showcasing the state’s thriving avian biodiversity, said forest officials.
The Nalabana Island or Nalabana Bird Sanctuary inside the lake continued to be the most favourite destination for the winged guests.
A total number of 3,97,587 birds of 106 species were counted in Nalabana Sanctuary in comparison to 3,43,226 consisting of 92 species recorded in 2025. Two new species-Plain Martin and Bengal Bush Lark—have been recorded this year.
Chilika, the largest saltwater lake in Asia, is rich in biodiversity. It was recognised as the first Ramsar site in the country in 1981. Chilika is unique among the wetlands of the world. Chilika Lake has earned the distinction as the largest refuge for migratory birds in the Asian subcontinent, informed officials.
The huge gathering of birds in Chilika and their activities is a visual treat. The birds often frequent open wetlands that have enough fish, prawns, frogs, snakes, and molluscs. The area provides an extensive feeding ground for the creatures because of the availability of abundant fish in the lake and the distance of its location from human habitats, said the forest officer.
The lagoon hosts migratory birds every year during the peak winters. Birds from as far as the Caspian Sea, Lake Baikal, Aral Sea, and other remote parts of Russia; the Kirghiz steppes of Mongolia; and Central and Southeast Asia visit the lake to escape the biting cold in their native places. They start their homeward journey with the onset of the summer season.